The approach is demonstrated in the impact evaluation of the Universal Health Care campaign, an advocacy campaign aimed at influencing health policy in Ghana.
Rick Davies comment: Unfortunately this paper is behind a paywall, but it may become more accessible in the future.
If so, I recommend reading it, along with some related papers.
This paper is also about combining process tracing with Bayesian updating.
An Intuitive (and Short) Explanation of Bayes' Theorem, which helped me a lot.
copy valentino studded shoes The craft of interviewing in realist evaluation.
My previous reading of comments that Realist Evaluation (RE) is "an approach" or a "a way of thinking" rather than a method" has not been encouraging.
Both of these papers provide practically relevant details.
The Punton et al paper includes comments about the difficulties encountered and where they deviated from current or suggested practice and why so, which I found refreshing.
I have listed some issues of interest to me below, with reflections on the contributions of the two paper.
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Coined as 'Contribution Tracing', the approach is inspired by the principles of Process Tracing and Bayesian Updating, and attempts to make these accessible, relevant and applicable by evaluators.
The Contribution Tracing approach, aided by a symbolic 'contribution trial', adds value to impact evaluation theory based approaches by: reducing confirmation bias.
improving the conceptual clarity and precision of theories of change.
providing more transparency and predictability to data collection efforts.
and ultimately increasing the internal validity and credibility of evaluation findings, namely of qualitative statements.
It is a detailed guide on the use of QCA, written specially for use by evaluators.
Barbara Befani has probably more experience and knowledge of the use of QCA for evaluation purposes than anyone else.
This is where she has distilled all her knowledge to date.
There are lots of practical examples of the use of QCA scattered throughout the book, used to support particular points about how QCA works.
It is not an easy book to read but is well worth the effort because there is so much that is of value.
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Michelle Wieland and Diane Detoeuf of WCS.
Rick Davies for many useful discussions and comments about adding the value of owned assets to the BNS (the modifcation).
" "This approach is not based on the assumption that people are doing well if they make more than 1 2 dollars per day, or are in poverty if they make less.
Rather, it is based on the understanding that people themselves are best able to decide what constitutes well being.
The approach is based on a United Nations definition of poverty as a lack of basic necessities.
copy valentino studded shoes And ample studies show that humans are flagrantly biased in college admissions, employment decisions, dating behavior, and more.
Moreover, we typically detect biases in human behavior post hoc by evaluating human behavior, not through an a priori examination of the processes by which we think.
Perhaps the most salient difference between human and algorithmic bias may be that with human decisions, we expect bias.
Take for example, the well documented racial biases among employers, less likely to call back workers with more more typically black names than those with white names but identical resumes.
We detect these biases because we suspect that they exist and have decided that they are undesirable, and therefore vigilantly test for their existence.
,valentino shoes for cheap Interviews as sources of knowledge Interviews of stakeholders about if, how and why a program works, are a key resource in most REs (Punton et al).
Punton et al have partially addressed this by coding the status of views about reported outcomes as "observed", anticipated" or "implied".
The same approach could be taken with recording of respondents' views on the context and mechanisms involved.
Manzano makes a number of useful distinctions between RE and constructivist interview approaches.
But one distinction that is made seems unrealistic, so to speak.
,This is then applied to predict the missing values in the sub set of cases with the missing values.
Another variant, for continuous data: Regression Substitution: Using multiple regression analysis to estimate a missing value.
Error estimation (tbc) References (please help me extend this list) Note: I would like this list to focus on easily usable references i.
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